Construct: Adult anxiety
- Download full-text PDF Read full-text. A Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI)developed by Spielberger et al. (1980) was meticulously created to identify the level of test anxiety experienced during an.
- Ramanaiah NV, Franzen M Schill T. Psychometric Study of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 1983;47(5):531-535 Spielberger CD et al. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y).
Description of Measure: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. It also is often used in research as an indicator of caregiver distress (e.g., Greene et al., 2017, Ugalde et al., 2014).
2012-2-7 Download PDF. Test anxiety in ventory: 30 years later. One of the most frequently used self-report instruments is the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI, Spielberger et al.
Form Y, its most popular version, has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety. State anxiety items include: “I am tense; I am worried” and “I feel calm; I feel secure.” Trait anxiety items include: “I worry too much over something that really doesn’t matter” and “I am content; I am a steady person.” All items are rated on a 4-point scale (e.g., from “Almost Never” to “Almost Always”). Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. The STAI is appropriate for those who have at least a sixth-grade reading level.
Internal consistency coefficients for the scale have ranged from .86 to .95; test-retest reliability coefficients have ranged from .65 to .75 over a 2-month interval (Spielberger et al., 1983). Test-retest coefficients for this measure in the present study ranged from .69 to .89. Considerable evidence attests to the construct and concurrent validity of the scale (Spielberger, 1989).
Studies also have shown that it is a sensitive predictor of caregiver distress over time, and that it can vary with changes in support systems, health, and other individual characteristics (Elliott, Shewchuk, & Richards, 2001; Shewchuk, Richards & Elliott, 1998).
References
Greene, J., Cohen, D., Siskowski, C., & Toyinbo, P. (2017). The relationship between family caregiving and the mental health of emerging young adult caregivers. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 44(4), 551-5663. doi: 10.1007/s11414-016-9526-7
Spielberger, C. D. (1989). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Bibliography (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Ugalde, A., Krishnasamy, M., & Schofield, P. (2014). The relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety and general distress in caregivers of people with advanced cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 17 Citrix receiver for 10.7.5 mac osx. (8), 939-41. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2013.0338
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